Chesterfield is a town in Chesterfield County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,472 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Chesterfield County. At the time of the 2010 census, Chesterfield was the least populous of all of South Carolina's county seats but was second only to Florence in growth rate among municipalities of 1,000 or more residents since 2000 in the Pee Dee region.